rewrite funktioniert nicht [2]

I assume that it did not work before either. Maybe your browser has loaded the page from its cache so that you believed that it should work.

As I said before, it is not possible to redirect from an https:// address without an ssl certificate for the host (in this case the ip address).

Unfortunately no. When the browser refuses the initialization of a TLS (SSL) connection due to a missing certificate then the webserver does not even receive the HTTP request from the browser. And when there is no HTTP request then the webserver can not send a HTTP response with a HTTP status code, neither a 404 nor a 301 with redirect location.